Charger
The charger is a device that supplements the battery with electrical energy, and is generally divided into two-stage charging mode and three-stage charging mode. Two-stage charging mode: first constant voltage charging, the charging current gradually decreases as the battery voltage rises, and when the battery power is replenished to a certain level, the battery voltage will rise to the set value of the charger, and it will be converted to trickle charging at this time. Three-stage charging mode: at the beginning of charging, the battery is charged with constant current to quickly replenish energy; when the battery voltage rises, it is switched to constant voltage charging. At this time, the battery energy is slowly replenished and the battery voltage continues to rise; the charging termination voltage of the charger is reached. value, switch to trickle charging to maintain the battery and supply the battery's self-discharge current.
Battery
The battery is the on-board energy that provides the energy of the electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle mainly uses a combination of lead-acid batteries. In addition, nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries have also been used in some lightweight folding electric vehicles.
Tips for use: The main control board of the controller is the main circuit of the electric vehicle, which has a large working current and emits a large amount of heat. Therefore, electric vehicles should not be parked in the sun or exposed to the rain for a long time, so as to avoid the failure of the controller.
Controller
The controller is the component that controls the speed of the motor and the core of the electrical system of the electric vehicle, with the functions of undervoltage, current limiting or overcurrent protection. The intelligent controller also has a variety of riding modes and self-checking functions of the electrical components of the whole vehicle. The controller is the core component of electric vehicle energy management and various control signal processing.
Turn handle, brake handle
Turning handle, brake handle, etc. are the signal input components of the controller. The handle signal is the driving signal for the rotation of the electric vehicle motor. The brake handle signal is an electrical signal output by the internal electronic circuit of the brake to the controller when the electric vehicle brakes; after the controller receives this signal, it will cut off the power supply to the motor, thereby realizing the function of braking power off.
Booster sensor
The power-assist sensor is a device that detects the pedal force and the pedal speed signal when the electric vehicle is in the power-assist state. According to the electric drive power, the controller achieves automatic matching between manpower and electric power, and jointly drives the electric vehicle to rotate. The most popular power assist sensor is the bilateral torque sensor of the central axis. Its product features can collect the pedal force on the left and right sides, and adopts the non-contact electromagnetic signal collection method, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the signal collection.
Motor
The most important accessory of an electric bicycle is the motor, and the motor of an electric bicycle basically determines the performance and grade of the car. Most of the motors used in electric bicycles are high-efficiency rare earth permanent magnet motors, which are mainly divided into three types: high-speed brushed teeth + wheel reduction motors, low-speed brushed motors and low-speed brushless motors.
The motor is a component that converts battery electrical energy into mechanical energy and drives the electric wheel to rotate. There are many types of motors used in electric vehicles in terms of their mechanical structures, speed ranges and energization forms. Common ones are: brushed geared hub motor, brushed gearless hub motor, brushless gearless hub motor, brushless geared hub motor, high disk motor, side mounted motor, etc.
Lamps and instruments
Lamps and instruments are a combination of components that provide lighting and display the status of electric vehicles. The instrument generally provides battery voltage display, vehicle speed display, riding status display, lamp status display, etc. The intelligent instrument can also display the fault condition of each electrical component of the vehicle.
Common construction
Most electric bicycles use a hub-type motor to directly drive the front or rear wheels to rotate. According to different output speeds, these in-wheel motors are matched with wheels of different wheel diameters to drive the whole vehicle, and the speed can reach 20km/h. Although the shape of these electric vehicles and the installation location of the battery are different, their driving and control principles have commonalities. This type of electric bicycle is the mainstream in electric vehicle products.
Specially constructed electric bicycle
A small number of electric vehicles are driven by non-in-wheel motors. These electric vehicles use side-mounted or columnar motors, mid-mounted motors, and friction tire motors. Generally, the electric vehicle driven by this kind of motor will reduce the weight of the whole vehicle, and the motor efficiency is lower than that of the in-wheel type. In the case of the same battery energy, the vehicle using these motors will generally shorten the cruising range by 5%-10% compared with the in-wheel vehicle.
